You'll want to use [TextAsset][1], which works like any other asset. You could assign it to a field on a script or load it from Resources (which is popular because it can be unloaded when you're done with it).
Use its *text* property to get the file contents as a string. Iterate over the string passing each character to the LoadTile() method. For each character passed, x += 1. If the character is a newline, x = 0, y += 1.
[1]: http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-TextAsset.html
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